Managing Global Human Resources Essays - Expatriate, Human Migration

Managing Global Human Resources MANAGING GLOBAL HUMAN RESOURCES The environment in which business competes is rapidly becoming globalized. More and more companies are entering international markets by exporting their products overseas, building plants in other countries, and entering into alliances with foreign companies. Global competition is driving changes in organizations throughout the world. Companies are attempting to gain a competitive advantage, which can be provided by international expansion. Deciding whether to enter foreign markets and whether to develop plants or other facilities in other countries is no simple matter and many human resource issues surface. (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, and Wright; 534) Doing business globally requires that adaptations be made to reflect cultural and other factors that differ from country to country and from continent to continent. The nature and stability of political systems vary in character and stability, with contracts suddenly becoming unenforceable because of internal political factors. Human resource regulations and laws vary among countries in character and detail. In many countries in Western Europe, laws on labor unions and employment make it difficult to reduce the number of workers because required payments to ex-employees can be very high. Equal employment legislation exists to varying degrees. In some countries, laws address issues such as employment discrimination and sexual harassment. Cultural forces represent another important concern affecting international human resource management. Culture is composed of the societal forces affecting the values, beliefs, and actions of a distinct group of people. (Mathis Jackson, 171) Cultural differences certainly exist between nations, but also between countries. Getting individuals from different ethic or tribal backgrounds to work together may be very difficult in some parts of the world. Culture is important to human resources for two reasons. It determines the other factors ? political-legal, economic, and education-human capital factors. Culture affects human capital, because if education is greatly valued by culture, then members of the community try to increase their human capital. (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, and Wright; 537) Economic conditions vary also from country to country. Many lesser-developed nations are receptive to foreign investment in order to create jobs for their growing populations. In many developed countries, especially in Europe, unemployment has grown, but employment restrictions and wage levels remain high. The internationalization of U.S. corporations has grown than the internationalization of human resource management. International human resource management differs from domestic human resource management in several ways. In the first place, it places a greater emphasis on functions and activities such as relocation, orientation, and translation services to help employees adapt to a new and different environment outside their own country. Assistance with tax matters, baking, investment management, home rental while on assignment, and coordination of home visits is also usually provided by the human resource department. Larger corporations have a full-time staff of human resource managers devoted to assisting globalization. For example, McDonald's has a team of HR directors who travel around the world to help country managers stay updated on international concerns, policies, and programs. The human resource department in an overseas unit must be particularly responsive to the cultural, political, and legal environments. Companies such as Shell, Xerox, Levi Strauss, Digital, and Honeywell have made a special effort to create codes of conduct for employees throughout the world to make certain that standards of ethical and legal behavior are known and understood. (Sherman, Bohlander, and Snell; 633) A growing number of organizations that operate only within one country are recognizing that they must change and develop a more international perspective. Organizations may pass through three stages that are import-export (national) companies, multinational enterprises (MNE), and global organizations. National companies do not become global companies immediately. Involvement in international HRM depends greatly on a company's phase of globalization. Import-export firms. Firms in the first phase of globalization simply move products across national boundaries. The firm does not employ people in other countries, except a few managers responsible for negotiating business agreements. These agreements usually involve buying or selling complete products or services. Import-export firms need to understand their trading partners' cultures and usually must overcome communication barriers to negotiate agreements. Negotiations are usually done by expatriate representatives, but expatriates are not employed as extensively by import-export firms as by multinational enterprises. HR policies and practices remain relatively unchanged from the company's traditional home-base practices. (HR Magazine,06-01-1995) Multinational enterprises (MNEs). Firms in the second phase of globalization have strategic corporate units located in foreign countries. Part of the firm's goods or services may be produced in one country, then possibly moved to another country for additional assembly, and ultimately distributed to other countries where they are sold by employees of the firm. MNEs typically make extensive use of expatriate managers who are

Free sample - Cancer. translation missing

Cancer. CancerCancer can be defined as the abnormal growth of cells as they tend to grow rapidly in such a way that the growth cannot be controlled, in some cases this can spread throughout the body. Cancer is not a single disease but a group of many different and distinctive diseases. It has been found that cancer can involve any body tissue and in each area of the body it has many varied forms. Cancers are usually named according to the type of organ or cell in which they attack, such that even if it metastasizes, the evolving tumor assumes the same name as the primary tumor. Research has also shown that the frequency of a particular type of cancer may be determined by gender, for instance prostate cancer affects men while breast cancer affects women. Other cancers such as skin cancer and lung cancer are for both men and women. In the United States lung cancer has been found to be major cause of death for both men and women (Lasser, et al. 2006). It is of great significance for an individual to understand the causes of cancer, for instance, the risk behaviors and substances that can lead to acquisition of cancer. This is because most people indulge in behaviors that put them into vey high risk of developing cancer when they are not aware, such that if they are informed about the causes and dangers of cancer, there is a likelihood of quitting from the risk behaviors. Cancer can be caused by environmental exposure to mutagenic agents, geographical influences, particular lifestyle in a given population setup, and even the use of some drugs Crawshaw (2007). It has been found that certain occupations have been linked with higher risk of developing cancer. This is due to the exposure to mutagenic agents in the immediate environment. For instance, in the 18th century, there was an observation made in a British factory where bladder cancer affected all the men who were involved in distilling 2-napthylamine. In the chimney sweeps, the workers are exposed to coal and tar which brings about the development of scrotal cancer. Leather working, woodworking, and nickel refining have been associated with high risk of particular cancers due to persistent exposure to carcinogenic substances in the chemicals used. Mustard gas, which was used as a chemical warfare agent in the World War I, was found to be very dangerous as it was associated with increased risk of lung cancer and the various cancers along the respiratory tract. The mustard gas possesses mutagenic properties. Since the research showed that this gas was dangerous to the well being of huma n life, until today the gas is no longer in use as a chemical warfare agent. Therefore it is important to be aware of the substances that are associated with development of cancer and keep distance from the same (Pearlin, 1992).   Research carried out by Crawshaw (2007), has shown that particular cancers are common in different geographical regions around the world, for instance, among the Japanese men, the cancer of the stomach is 5 to 6 times higher due to the persistent consumption of foods which have undergone fermentation.   Among the American women, it has been found that breast cancer is about 20 times higher due to the American diet which contains high fat content, for example the pizza.   Among the Africans it has been found that liver cancer is about 10 times higher, and this is associated with increased frequency of Hepatitis B infection. Cancer of the may also develop due to aflatoxin compound which is a food contamination formed by fungi. The compound occurs mostly in grain stores within the tropical and subtropical areas due to high moisture content of grains.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The most common example of cancer that is frequent and fatal is lung cancer. Lung cancer can be caused by benzo[a]-pyrene compound which is one the most powerful carcinogens in humans. This compound is found in tobacco smoke which also contains tar. The tar in cigarettes comprises of both initiators and promoters, making it peculiarly dangerous. Alcohol is also dangerous to human life since it acts as a promoter of carcinogenesis just like asbestos does (Calle Kaaks, 2004). References Calle, E. E. Kaaks, R. (2004). Overweight, obesity and cancer: epidemiological evidence  Ã‚   and proposed mechanisms. Nature Reviews Cancer, 4: 579-591. Crawshaw, P. (October 2007). â€Å"Governing the Healthy Male Citizen: Men, masculinity and   Popular Health in â€Å"Men's Health.† Magazine of Social Science Medicine, Vol. 65,  Ã‚  Ã‚   no. 8; p. 1606-18. Lasser, K. E., et. al. (July 2006). â€Å"Access to Care, Health Status, and Health Disparities in   the United States and Canada: Results of a Cross-National Population-Based Survey.†Ã‚   American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 96(7); p. 1300-7. Pearlin, L., I. (1992). â€Å"Structure and Meaning in Medical Sociology† Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 33(1), p. 1-9.

Ap Compare Essay Essay Example for Free

Ap Compare Essay Essay AP Compare Essay During the 1450- 1800s, both the Spanish Empire and the Ottoman Empire were becoming powerful. Spain found the Americas while the Ottomans took over Constantinople. Both contained land which allowed Spain to focus on raw materials while the Ottoman Empire focused on expansion. Spain found the Americas which allowed Spain to find raw materials and help increase their economy. The Spanish was able to dominate other Empires because they found the Americas. On the other hand, the Ottoman Empire started to expand across the region because they were able to take over Constantinople. This allowed the Ottoman Empire to become one of the world powers. As soon as Spain found the Americas, they focused on grabbing raw materials because it would allow them to dominate the world economy. This also allowed Spain to become richer and powerful. However, as soon as the Ottoman Empire gained control over Constantinople, the Ottoman Empire knew they were able to expand their Empire because the Empire gained a lot of power which other countries were afraid of. Spain’s empire building process was focusing on a merchant empire because they wanted to dominate the economy; however, the Ottoman Empire’s building process as focusing on strengthening their military force. The Spanish lacked value as they focused on going to the Americas for almost everything like raw materials and natural resources. The Ottoman Empire government was corrupted which forced their military to maintain the Empire. Between the 1450- 1800s, both the Spanish and Ottoman were becoming the world’s powerful empire Spain and the Ottoman focused on different ideas, as Spain focused on merchant as Ottoman focused on strengthening military and expansion. Ap Compare Essay. (2018, Nov 02).

Main Development in American Literature, Art, and Culture Essay

Main Development in American Literature, Art, and Culture - Essay Example As the report declares over the period 1820 to 1860 there was strong advocacy for abolition of slavery in America. The print media was a strong tool used to highlight the evils of slavery among abolition activists. However, it was never going to be an easy task to convince most white Americans that slavery was wrong and immoral because it was so much engraved in the history of the country. There was key debate to ratify constitution to put an end to slavery. The abolitionist movement was boosted second great religious revival that swept across America. Other issues debated around this time involved equality, morality of slavery, welfare of slaves and the agrarian way of life perpetuated by slave trade. The period often referred to as antebellum era was also marked by condemnation and victimization of slave abolition activists like Garrison of the Liberator newsletter both from the south and north of America.From this paper it is clear that  the war of 1812 coincided with the remova l of Indians in the areas of Georgia and Alabama. But even before their removal could be complete, mass movements of immigrants started moving to the west mainly due to availability of cheap land and easy credit. First to arrive in the west included drifters and squatters.  Mass settlement in the west continued and by 1820 population in western states of Illinois, Ohio and Indiana had soured.  The westward flow was slowed down by financial panic in 1819.... The period often referred to as antebellum era was also marked by condemnation and victimization of slave abolition activists like Garrison of the Liberator newsletter both from the south and north of America. Outline significant developments in American westward expansion from the war of 1812 to the Mexican-American war. The war of 1812 coincided with the removal of Indians in the areas of Georgia and Alabama. But even before their removal could be complete, mass movements of immigrants started moving to the west mainly due to availability of cheap land and easy credit. First to arrive in the west included drifters and squatters. Mass settlement in the west continued and by 1820 population in western states of Illinois, Ohio and Indiana had soured. However, the westward flow was slowed down by financial panic in 1819. Road construction and the Erie Canal in 1825 shifted the direction of migration with Detroit, Cleveland and Chicago becoming major ports. The same expansion was also b eing witnessed in the southern gulf plains fuelled by excellent climate for cotton and availability of slavery (Billington and Ridge, 41-42). By 1824, Americans and Mexican used to live together in Texas. By 1836, some Texans wanted to be on their own and free from Mexico and wanted to make their own laws. As a result, the Republic of Texas was formed. However, General Santa Anna, the leader of Mexico did not want Texas to be independent and free resulting in massive killing in Alamo in San Antonio. This sparked retaliation from America with Mexico being overpowered and Texas become part of America (Raabe, 6). In your understanding of Francis Frederic’s life experience, what were the most revealing episodes and

Research Proposal Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Project - Research Proposal Example Poster advertisement will then be carried out to ask those willing to participate to register with the research team after that they will be contacted directly through their phones and emails. Email contact will comprehensively explain the nature as well as the objective of the study. The research will involve human subjects, which necessitate the research team to have consent that will ensure that the subjects are protected from any physical or psychological harm during the research and willingly choose to participate. The following consent form will be used You are invited towards the participation in a research of determining whether lifestyle modification compared to Aspirin regimen in women aged 45-75 years decrease the risk of a heart attack. The research team hopes to establish whether modified lifestyle can serve better to decrease heart attack risk compared to taking pills on daily basis. The reason you were selected in the research is that you fit to undergo the processes outlined for the study. Note the participation in this research is voluntary and your decline to participate does not have any effects on your health or medical care. It is your decision to participate now, but can withdraw on your own will at any stage of the study without any loss of benefits regarding your entitled medical care. In case you accept to participate, the research director along with the team will change the diet table in each participant’s home. All participants will be subjected to an exercise of at least 2 hours a day during the active participation period. The purpose of changing the diet and exercises is to modify your lifestyle. If chosen to part of the control group, you will have your normal life with no changes to the diet or exercises. The research will have a number of professionals including 10 gym instructors who will help participants carry out exercises appropriately, 5 nurses

School uniform Essay Example for Free

School uniform Essay Imagine waking up every morning and going to school. You put on the same clothes that you were wearing yesterday and walk to school. You open the door to the school and see everyone, all wearing the same exact outfit as you. The dread feeling you get because you feel the same way as you did every day. That is what every day would be like if school had uniforms. I think that uniforms are a commitment, they don’t allow you to express yourself as freely, and they are boring. Parents have to go out of their way to find the right uniform and spend ridiculous money on buying them. Majority of parents won’t buy more than five uniforms. Every day when you get home from school, your parents have to wash your uniforms so you can wear them the next day. Parents might have better things to do than wash your clothes every afternoon after school just so you won’t be out of dress code. You are wearing the same dirty clothes over and over again while you have nice, clean clothes in your closet that you can’t wear to school. This is the biggest reason why school should not have uniform. Everyone knows when it comes picture day we want to pick out a perfect outfit to dress up and look real nice. But, you have to wear your uniform in the picture. I believe that uniforms are preventing Kids from expressing themselves through style, which is why schools shouldn’t have them. You might have a lot of clothes that say a lot on who you are as a person, but if you have to wear a uniform every day you can’t do that. Also, girls can’t use accessories to make their outfits more interesting. When you have to wear uniforms for school you can’t wear other things that aren’t part of the outfit. Not everyone has the same style. What happens to the kids that don’t like the uniform or how they fit? Having school uniforms don’t allow you to pick, choose and refuse to fit your style and comfort. If you have any of these problems you can’t fix them, because you have to wear the uniform for the whole year. Some might say it’s a good thing to have uniform because you don’t have other groups of people criticizing what you wear or make fun of you. Also no one has to worry about how expensive or where you buy your uniforms from. But, have you ever walked into the cafeteria in the morning and you couldn’t find you friends. You never mix it up with new and exciting clothes for school. Every student just keeps wearing their uniform day after day. It would be hard to find your friends. You can’t see your friends and they are in uniforms so, they could be anywhere! Without uniforms, people can easily locate their friends by the clothes they wear. So, I think that uniforms are a very big commitment, they don’t allow students to express themselves, and they are boring. All of these are reasons why I strongly believe that schools shouldn’t require students to wear uniforms. It would just cause more problems for students and their parents.

insulting :: essays research papers

Luis A.Galindo LÃ ³pez. Has insulting become a habit? Nowadays the use of swear-words has become a normal form of speech among population, and probably even more extensive among teenagers. The reasons why insulting is so widespread in modern society may range substantially amongst the different social groups in which society is stratified. It is clear that nowadays insulting might seem to be more natural than some decades before, but this fact becomes very clear once we take into account the evolution concerned to freedom of speech. This aspect does not mean that insulting is something new in today’s culture; using swear words in our daily speech is as ancient as life itself, but because of the abovementioned freedom of speech, we are used to hearing or reading this part of our vocabulary in any circumstance, whether on television or on radio or on any situation. One of the main means for the use and, consequently, for the learning of these words is television. It is almost impossible not to watch a film or a television program i n which a swear word is not mentioned. It is on television where people learn not only the meaning of swear words but also the situation in which has to, or might, be used. A very different aspect is to try to analyse whether insulting has become a habit in our society or just a mean of showing different emotions before a particular situation. Insulting is not just using words with more or less strength in their meaning, but it also implies a deliberate increase in the tone of the utterance. By intensifying the tone of our speech when we insult means an attempt to let clear the seriousness of our intimidation or threaten. To affirm that insulting has turned out to be a habit in the